C++ Exception Handling

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In C++ Exception Handling is a process to handle runtime errors.

Exception handling consists of three keywords: try, catch, and throw.

  • Throw - when a program throws an exception using a throw keyword.
  • Catch - The catch keyword helps to the catching of an exception.
  • Try - A try block is used to place the code that might generate an exception. It's followed by one or more catch blocks.
C++ exception

Syntax:

try {
   // try block
} catch( Exception e ) {
   // catch block
}
Exception Description
std::exception This exception is parent class of all the standard C++ exceptions.
std::runtime_error An exception that cannot be detected by reading the code.
std::logic_failure An exception that can be detected by reading a code.
std::bad_alloc An exception is thrown by new.
std::bad_exception An exception is handle the unexpected exceptions.
std::bad_cast An exception is thrown by dynamic_cast.
std::bad_typeid An exception is thrown by typeid
std::overflow_error An exception is thrown if a mathematical overflow occurs.
std::range_error This exception occurred when you try to store a value which is out of range.

Example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class A{
    public:
    double division(int a, int b) 
    {
       if( b == 0 ) 
       {
          throw "Divide by zero is not possible!";
       }
       return (a/b);
    }
};
int main () {
    A a;
    int z;
    try {
        z=a.division(1, 0);
        cout << z << endl;
    } 
    catch (const char* e) {
        cerr << e << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}
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User-Defined Exceptions

User-Defined Exceptions is the process of creating your own exceptions by inheriting and overriding exception class functionality.

Example:

#include <iostream> 
#include <exception> 
using namespace std;  

class MyException : public exception{  
    public:  
        const char * what() const throw()  
        {  
            return "User-Defined Exceptions !";  
        }  
};  
int main()  
{  
    try  
    {  
        throw MyException();
    }  
    catch(exception& e)  
    {  
        cout << e.what();  
    }  
}
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