C++ Switch Statement

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The switch statement allows a variable to be checked for equality against a list of values that are defined in the code.

Each value is defined as the case, and the variable being switched is checked for each switch case.

C++ switch statement

Syntax:-

switch(expression) {
	case constant-expression  :
	statement(s);
	break;	/* optional */
	
    case constant-expression  :
	statement(s);
	break;	/* optional */
 
  	/* you can have N number of case statements */
    
  	default :	/* Optional */
	statement(s); /* If the above case matched or not. 
    				Default case always to be executed. */
}

Example:-

#include    
using namespace std;
  
int main(){    
int a=0;     
cout << "Enter the value of a:";    
cin >> a;   
    switch(a){    
        case 0:    
        cout << "value is zero";    
        break;    
        case 1:    
        cout << "value is one";    
        break;    
        case 100:    
        cout << "value is hundred";    
        break;    
        default:    
        cout << "value is not 10, 50 or 100";    
    }   
  	return 0;      
}
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Nested Switch Statement:-

Nested Switch Statement is used switch statement inside another switch.

Example:-

#include    
using namespace std;
  
int main(){    
int a=0;     
cout << "Enter the value of a:";    
cin >> a;   
    switch(a){    
        case 0:    
        cout << "value is zero";    
        break;    
        case 1:    
        cout << "value is one";    
        break;    
        case 100:    
        cout << "value is hundred";    
        break;    
        default:    
        cout << "value is not 10, 50 or 100";    
    }   
  	return 0;      
}
Run ›

Rules in switch statements

  • Only one case is selected per execution for the switch statement.
  • The value of expression identifies which case is selected.
  • The expression must evaluate to byte, short, char, or int primitive data, a String, or a few other types.
  • The type of expression and the type of the labels must be agreed.
  • Each label shall be an integer literal (as 0, 23, or 'A'), a String literal (like "green"), but not an expression or variable.
  • May have any number of statements in one statement List.
  • The statement List is usually followed by the break;
  • Switch case should have at most one default label.
  • If no case label matches the value of the expression, then the default case will be picked, and then statements execute.
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