C++ Templates

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The template is a blueprint of a function that can be applied to different data types.

Syntax:

template

The template can achieve in two different ways:

  • Function template
  • Class template

Function Template

A function template is a function that serves as a skeleton for family functions whose tasks are similar.

 template  return-type function-name(parameter list) {
   // body of function
}

Example:

#include <iostream>   
using namespace std;  

template 
T max(T &a,T &b)  
{  
    T result = (a>b)?a:b;  
    return result;  
}  
int main()  
{  
  cout << "Maximum value is :" << max(5,6);  
  return 0;  
}
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Overloading a Function Template

Example:

#include <iostream>    
using namespace std;  

template void max(T a)  
{   
    cout << "Square " << a <<" is :" << a*a << endl;
}  
template void max(T a,Y b)  
{  
    cout << "Addition of " << a <<" and " << b <<" is : " << a+b;
}  
int main()  
{  
  max(5);
  max(5,6.7); 
  return 0;  
}
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Class Template

Class Template to define a pattern for class definitions. Class Template also called as generic class or class generator.

template  class class_name {
   // data and function
}

Example:

#include <iostream>   
using namespace std;
  
template  
class Addition   
{  
    public:  
    T x = 5;  
    T y = 6; 
    void add()  
    {  
        cout << "Addition of two numbers : " << x+y << endl;  
    }  
};  
int main()  
{  
    Addition a;  
    a.add();  
    return 0;  
}
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